过量维生素A对育成期雄性水貂生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2018.11.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在讨论饲粮中过量维生素A对育成期水貂生长性能、营养物质代谢及血清生化指标的影响。本研究采用单因素随机试验设计，选择雄性水貂90只，随机分成6组，每组15个重复，维生素A添加水平分别为0（对照组）、5 000（Ⅰ组）、20 000（Ⅱ组）、80 000（Ⅲ组）、320 000（Ⅳ组）及1 280 000 IU·kg^-1（Ⅴ组）（干物质基础）。预饲期7 d，正式试验期60 d。正式期开始第30天每组随机选取8只水貂进行为期3 d的消化代谢试验，采用全收粪法收集粪便及尿样，测定各样品中的干物质（DM）、蛋白质（CP）及脂肪（EE）的含量，计算水貂的营养物质消化率。试验结束时，采集血清样本进行血糖（GLU）、三酰甘油（TG）、胆固醇（CHO）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、天门冬酸氨基移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）及乳糖脱氢酶（LDH）的测定。结果表明：1）添加维生素A对水貂的末重、平均日增重均有显著影响，其中Ⅱ组与Ⅴ组间差异显著（P<0.05）。2）对照组营养物质消化率较其他组显著降低（P<0.05），其中Ⅱ组的营养物质消化率最高。3）维生素A对水貂血清中GLU、CHO含量的影响均不显著（P>0.05），Ⅱ组血清中TG含量最低，与Ⅴ组差异显著（P<0.05）。对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组血清中的HDL含量同Ⅳ组与Ⅴ组差异显著（P<0.05）。Ⅰ组的LDL含量最低，显著低于Ⅳ组与Ⅴ组（P<0.05），其余组差异不显著（P>0.05）。4）维生素A对水貂血清中的ALP、AST、ALT及LDH水平均有显著影响（P<0.05），其中对照、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组同Ⅴ组血清中的ALP含量差异显著（P<0.05）。Ⅱ组血清中AST的含量最低，显著低于对照组、Ⅳ组及Ⅴ组（P<0.05）。Ⅱ组血清中的ALT含量最低，显著低于其余各组（P<0.05），Ⅴ组显著高于对照组、Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。Ⅴ组LDH的含量最低，且显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（P<0.05），对照组同Ⅳ组差异不显著（P>0.05）。在本试验条件下，在水貂饲粮中添加5 000~80 000 IU·kg^-1维生素A均可以优化水貂的生长潜力。然而过量添加维生素A会造成水貂生长缓慢，脂类代谢能力下降等不良影响，过量添加维生素A对水貂生长造成的不良影响的机制仍需进一步研究。

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of excessive vitamin A(VA) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indexes of growing male minks. Using a single factor randomized trial design, ninety healthy male minks were randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups with 15 animals in each group and fed a diet supplemented with 0(Control), 5 000(Ⅰ),20 000(Ⅱ), 80 000(Ⅲ), 320 000(Ⅳ) and 1 280 000 IU·kg^-1(Ⅴ) VA (based on dry matter), respectively, the pretest period lasted for 7 days and the formal test period lasted for 60 days. On the 30th day of the trail, 8 minks from each group were selected randomly for the digestion and metabolism test for 3 days, the feces and urine samples were collected by total feces collection method, the contents of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and crude fat (EE) were measured, and the nutrient digestibility was calculated. Blood samples were collected at the end of the test and the contents of blood glucose(GLU), triglyceride(TG),cholesterol(CHO), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) were measured. The results showed that:1)Final weight and average daily gain in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅴ(P<0.05). 2) Compared with control group, VA could improve the digestibility of nutrients (P<0.05), group Ⅱ was all the best. 3) VA had no significant effects on GLU and CHO (P>0.05), TG content in group Ⅴ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ(P<0.05). HDL content in group Ⅳ and Ⅴ were significantly lower than that in the other groups (P<0.05). LDL content in group Ⅰ was the lowest, which was significantly lower than that in group Ⅳ and Ⅴ(P<0.05). 4)Serum ALP, AST, ALT and LDH levels were significantly affected by dietary VA (P<0.05). ALP content had a significant difference between group Ⅴ and control, group Ⅲ, Ⅳ(P<0.05). Concentration of serum AST was significantly decreased in group Ⅱ, which was significantly lower than that in control, group Ⅳ, Ⅴ(P<0.05). VA induced a significantly lower concentration of ALT in group Ⅱ(P<0.05), group Ⅴ was higher than control, Ⅰ,Ⅱ groups(P<0.05). Concentration of LDH in group Ⅴ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ (P<0.05), whereas there was no significant differences between the control group and group Ⅳ(P>0.05). Under the experimental conditions, the supplementation of VA with 5 000-80 000 IU·kg^-1 in diet could improve growth potentials. However, excessive vitamin A supplementation could negatively affects growth and lipid metabolism. Further research is needed to determine the effect mechanism of excessive vitamin A supplementation on the growth of minks.

中图分类号:

南韦肖, 张海华, 司华哲, 穆琳琳, 娄玉杰, 李光玉. 过量维生素A对育成期雄性水貂生长性能及血清生化指标的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2018, 49(11): 2425-2434.

NAN Wei-xiao, ZHANG Hai-hua, SI Hua-zhe, MU Lin-lin, LOU Yu-jie, LI Guang-yu. The Effects of Excessive Vitamin A Supplementation on Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical Indices in Growing Male Minks[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2018, 49(11): 2425-2434.

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